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The term "gross anatomy" specifically refers to the study of anatomical structures that are large enough to be seen without the aid of a microscope. This includes the examination of organs, systems, and structures within the body that can be observed through dissection or imaging techniques, such as X-rays or MRIs. Understanding gross anatomy is fundamental for medical and health professionals, as it provides a foundational knowledge of the body’s structure, organization, and function.

In contrast, the other options relate to different aspects of anatomy or procedures. The study of small structures refers to microscopic anatomy or histology, where the focus is on cells and tissues that require magnification to be viewed. The study of cellular structures is also aimed at the microscopic level, emphasizing the internal workings of cells. A type of surgical procedure does not align with anatomical study but rather with practical applications of anatomy in a clinical setting. Thus, the emphasis on anatomical structures visible to the naked eye defines gross anatomy distinctly.